1)Hub
A central device that provides a common connection point for nodes on a network.
2)Network Interface Card
A NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.
3)Router
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least, two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network.
3)Connector
Short for Registered Jack-45, an eight-wire connector used commonly to connect computers onto a local-area network (LAN), especially Ethernets. RJ-45 connectors look similar to RJ-11 connectors used for connecting telephone equipment.
4)Modem
Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines. Computer information are stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines are transmitted in a form of analogue waves. A modem converts between these two forms.
Good blog which describes the essential requirement for effective networking, without them, networking is not possible. These requirements are described in short and comprehensive way.
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